Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)

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Periodontal disease, or gum disease, is a term used to describe a variety of inflammatory and degenerative diseases that affect the supporting structures of the teeth. Gingivitis is the dental term for early gum disease. The primary factor in the development of periodontal disease is generally microbacterial plaque and it affects both children and adults.

Gum disease originates in the gums, where infections form from harmful bacteria and other materials. Early warning signs include chronic bad breath, tender or painful swollen gums and bleeding after brushing or flossing. In many cases, however, periodontal disease can go unnoticed. The infections can eventually cause the gums to separate from the teeth, creating even greater opportunities for infection and decay. Often by the time symptoms are present, the disease is in the advanced stages and the prognosis of the area has worsened.

Periodontal disease is determined by measurements taken with a periodontal probe. Six measurements are taken around each tooth at each visit and the higher the number, the more advanced the disease is. Measurements over 3 millimeters are referred to as periodontal pockets. In addition to probe depths, radiographs are also used to help dentists and hygienists determine the extent of bone loss in periodontal disease.

Although gum disease is the major cause of tooth loss in adults, in many cases it is avoidable. Regular disruption of dental plaque by brushing and flossing, and regular visits to the dentist as recommended help prevent periodontal disease and detect any potential problems early. Like many other diseases, early detection is very important. If left untreated, more serious problems such as abscesses, bone loss and potential tooth loss can occur.

Periodontitis is treated in a number of ways. One method, called periodontal debridement, involves cleaning below the gum line to remove bacteria and help promote healing. If effective, this procedure helps the gums reattach themselves to the tooth structure. This procedure is very effective, especially combined with the use of a soft tissue laser.

Correcting misalignment of teeth also aids in the prevention of periodontal disease in that it makes plaque removal easier. Treatments such as Invisalign help to straighten teeth while making it easy to maintain good oral hygiene.